Kohotusaineet
Kohotusaineet
Leivonnassa voidaan käyttää sekä biologisia että kemiallisia kohotusaineita. Hiiva on biologinen kohotusaine. Kemiallisia kohotusaineita ovat leivinjauhe ja sooda.
Hiiva on elävää solukkoa, joka tarvitsee tietyt olosuhteet lisääntyäkseen. Tuorehiiva on harmaata ja kimmoisaa. Sitä myydään kaupoissa 50 gramman pakkauksissa. Kuivahiiva on pienirakenteista, huoneenlämmössä säilyvää hiivaa. Hiivataikinoissa LINKKI kuivahiiva sekoitetaan jauhojen sekaan. Lisäksi kuivahiiva vaatii tuorehiivaa kuumemman nesteen (n. 42°C). Tuorehiiva sekoitetaan leivonnassa kädenlämpöiseen nesteeseen.
Toimiakseen hiiva tarvitsee ravintoa, ilmaa, nestettä ja lämpöä. Ravintonsa hiiva saa taikinaan lisätystä sokerista sekä jauhojen sisältämästä tärkkelyksestä ja sokerista. Ilmaa syntyy kun taikinaa alustetaan, nesteenä voi olla esimerkiksi vettä, maitoa tai heraa. Lämpöä hiiva saa nesteestä sekä taikinan kohotusolosuhteista.
Leivinjauhe- ja soodataikinat kohoavat, kun nesteen ja uunin lämmön vaikutuksesta syntyy hiilidioksidia ja vesihöyryä. Näitä taikinoita ei tarvitse kohottaa kuten hiivataikinoita. LINKKI
Ruokasooda on natriumkarbonaattia, jota käytetään vain leivonnaisiin, jossa on jotain hapanta. Leivinjauhe on ruokasoodan ja happamien aineiden seos ja sitä käytetään makeissa leivonnaisissa, kuten murotaikinoissa. LINKKI
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